All stories below by Michael J. Martin
for United Press International unless otherwise noted

Subject Index

Astronomy and Astrophysics   Science Policy and Government
Biotechnology and Medicine     Social Science and Psychology   Interviews
Mathematics   Mechanical Devices   Material Science
Energy and the Environment    Book Reviews     Animals
Archaeology, Geology and Paleontology    Computer Science and the Internet

Chemistry


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Astronomy, Physics, and Cosmology

Fast particles inflated Universe
Tachyons -- particles that move faster than the speed of light in defiance of Einstein's strict prohibitions against such amazing speeds -- may be responsible for the inflation that expanded the Universe from zero to trillions of light years in a fraction of a second after the Big Bang.

Newton's cherished constant may not be
A Russian physicist at MIT -- the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -- has announced experimental data that may topple one of science's most cherished dogmas -- that Newton's constant of gravitation, famously symbolized by a large "G," remains constant wherever, whenever and however it is measured.

Scientists: Bits more basic than quarks
The basic building blocks of nature may not be atoms, quarks and strings but quantum bits -- ultra small packets of pure information, top physics researchers say.  String theory suggests that one-dimensional strings vibrating in myriad ways describe space, time and matter. If bits of information tell the strings how to vibrate, those bits may be more fundamental than the subatomic strings they encode.

Cold gas may model cosmos in lab
An ultra-cold gas named for two of the last century's greatest physicists may allow scientists a glimpse at some of the mysteries of deep space inside the comfortable confines of a laboratory.

Astronomers may see beginning of time
Promising new research tools soon may allow astronomers their closest glimpse yet of the oldest, farthest and most mysterious phenomenon in science: the precise moment the universe exploded into existence with the Big Bang. "We might, in a technical sense, soon observe the beginning of time," University of Washington cosmologist Craig Hogan wrote in the March 22 edition of the journal Science.

Scientist unearths lost Galileo lectures
Obscure lectures on the size and shape of Hell may have led legendary Italian astronomer Galileo to one of the most important discoveries in the history of science -- the principle of scale invariance, or the idea that in nature, size matters.

Ancient shock waves may reveal Creation
Ancient echoes from the birth of the Universe -- gravitational shock waves left over from the Big Bang -- may help astronomers determine what happened at the moment of Creation. Studying gravity waves could allow them a glimpse of the Universe when it was only ten to the minus thirty-two years old.

Exploding stars elemental, scientists say
A brilliant cosmic explosion spewed radioactive uranium shrapnel all over a large neighboring star in what may be confirmation of a startling new theory of chemical synthesis, according to a pair of U.S. physicists.

Accelerating cosmos may doom string theory -- Part 1
Accelerating cosmos may doom string theory -- Part 2
Separate papers filed within minutes of one another at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have proposed that recent observations of an accelerating universe by the Hubble telescope may doom string theory, which many consider the best candidate for a unified theory of all physical forces.

New gravity theory may outdistance Einstein -- 4-part series
Einstein's theory of general relativity, renowned for its geometrical description of gravity as a "shape" -- a curvature of space and time -- may be showing chinks in its ninety-year-old armor, according to University of Connecticut physicist Philip Mannheim. Mannheim has proposed an alternative theory -- conformal gravity -- that extends many of Einstein's ideas to the very edges of the cosmos. Mannheim believes contemporary physicists are grafting strange new concepts, such as dark matter, onto the old theory to keep it alive in the deepest regions of space and at the very beginning of time.

Smallest galaxy-centered black hole found
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, Rutgers University astronomers say they have found the smallest black hole ever detected in the center of a galaxy.

Researchers: Moon once part of Earth
Astronomers released convincing new evidence Wednesday that the Moon was formed when a wandering rock the size of Mars collided with Earth.

Solar system to land in Washington
The entire solar system will soon touch down in the nation's capitol.

Light pollution hampers astronomers
An odorless, tasteless, and otherwise harmless pollution threatens to slow and eventually halt the progress of professional and amateur astronomers -- artificial night sky brightness caused by everything from brightly-lit casino strips to headlights and street lamps, all conspiring to envelop the globe in a luminous fog.

Student leads first look at planet birth
A graduate student's unique blend of theory and experiment has led a team of astronomers from the University of Colorado (CU) to observe the first phases of planetary formation and growth.

Scientists remember a giant of cosmology
The man who coined the term "Big Bang" to describe the birth of the universe and then spent most of his life refuting the concept -- British mathematician and astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle -- was remembered Wednesday as a giant of science by fellow astronomers and physicists.

New clues: Deep space chemistry and life
Scientists reported two important new findings about the chemistry of the universe at the 198th National Meeting of the American Astronomical Society today.

Other universes may surround us, physicists claim
Astrophysicists in Barcelona and Boston claim the universe we inhabit contains an infinite number of other universes like our own, called "O-regions" that we will someday be able to contact.

Team finds start of new solar system
A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter-size planet orbiting a faint nearby star. The planet, at least three-fourths the mass of
Jupiter, is the second found in orbit around Ursa Major in the Big Dipper, a yellow star similar to the sun, about seven billion years old and located some 51 light years from Earth.

Physicists propose tests for dark energy
A major announcement that may solve one of science's greatest lingering mysteries -- tests that should be able to detect the effects of elusive "dark energy" that supposedly pervades the cosmos -- surprised researchers today at the national meeting of the American Astronomical Society.

Invisible asteroids might endanger Earth
Invisible asteroids and other cosmic bodies made of a new form of matter may pose a threat to Earth, asserts a noted Australian physicist. Robert Foot of the University of Melbourne claims a meteorite composed of mirror matter -- a form of the invisible dark matter that many say makes up over 95 percent of the universe -- could impact the Earth without leaving any fragments.

Garage invention becomes first solar telescope for students
A novel, first-of-its-kind telescope, invented by an idealistic amateur astronomer in his garage to make sunspot viewing -- a dangerous and tedious project -- simple enough for young students debuted today at the American Astronomical Society national meeting.

Professor presents new way to find planets
Astronomers presented an unusual new way to search for planets in the most difficult of locations -- around bright stars that obscure anything nearby -- at the American Astronomical Society meeting today.

Size of universe tops astronomy agenda
Scientists at the 198th National Meeting of the American Astronomical Society today released several new developments aimed at answering a question that has fascinated astronomers since the birth of stargazing -- how large is the universe?

Weapons detection system finds asteroids
A system researchers use to detect clandestine nuclear weapons tests may also detect another global threat -- asteroids about to impact the Earth.

Student debunks famous lunar crater theory
A second-year graduate student at the University of Arizona may have debunked a long-cherished theory about the formation of one of the moon's most famous craters -- Giordano Bruno.

Dark matter may be a myth, physicists say
Dark matter, the ubiquitous but so-far unobserved material many scientists claim fills the universe, could be no more than myth according to several prominent astrophysicists.

Einstein equations yield anti-black holes
A team of US and Russian physicists has proposed important new solutions to Einstein's famous gravity equations that reveal a major surprise, an entirely new object -- a kind of anti-black hole with infinitely strong anti-, or repulsive gravity.

Largest ever student telescope planned
Dubbed "the largest piece of glass in the world not controlled by PhD's," the Faulkes Student Telescope is scheduled for construction later this year on a remote mountaintop in Maui, Hawaii.

80-year-old theory may explain dark matter
Physicists at New Mexico State University here are revisiting a failed 80-year-old theory to explain dark matter, the mysterious, unseen substance many cosmologists believe is causing the universe to expand and accelerate.

Novel new way to detect gravity waves
A new and novel way to detect highly-elusive gravity waves has been proposed in a graduate thesis by a Dutch physicist working under the tutelage of 1999 Nobel Laureate Gerard t'Hooft.

Nature's constants may not be so constant
Recent observations of metallic atoms in gas clouds 12 billion light years from Earth may help to confirm the theories of four physicists who have been working for over a decade in virtual obscurity on an outlandish notion -- that cherished fundamental constants of nature, such as the speed of light, might not be constant after all.

Liquid mirrors may revolutionize astronomy
A promising technology may dramatically lower the high cost of making scientific discoveries in faraway galaxies -- telescopes that collect cosmic light using giant mirrors
made of liquid mercury.

New data shed light on antimatter
New data from an international research team promises to yield precious clues to a mystery about the cosmic rarity of antimatter, the quantum counterpart of matter. These results may shed light on both the earliest moments of creation and the fundamental building blocks of the universe.

Physicists create mini dwarf star
For the first time, a gas has been cooled to a state in which atomic particles behave like waves.

Physicists Argue for New Super Collider
High-energy physicists from across the US are wrapping a 3-day conference at The Johns Hopkins University designed to craft a proposal for a new supercollider that avoids the pitfalls responsible for sinking a similar project in the early 1990's.

Physicist: Earth-like planets may be easier to find
Finding earth-like planets with advanced life forms may not be as difficult as once imagined says a Welsh astrophysicist.

Searching for ET in all the wrong places
SETI, the renowned institute dedicated to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, has been looking in all the wrong places according to Guillermo Gonzalez, an astronomy researcher at the University of Washington.

Mars life more than maybe, scientists say
An expert panel meeting in San Diego Sunday announced a major shift in scientific opinion about life on Mars -- new evidence, they're convinced, shows life does exist on the red planet.

Pluto mission proposal selected by NASA
NASA has selected two finalists for a mission to a far away planet that shares its name with one of Disney's most popular dogs.

Scientists confer on outer-space life
Officials of the National Academy of Sciences space studies board met today to assess the goals and progress of a burgeoning young science exploding with the promise of exciting and historical discoveries: astrobiology.

Scientists to search for alien lights
Aliens may be trying to communicate with us by using powerful light pulses from other star systems -- pulses researchers hope will lead them to extraterrestrial intelligence.

Scientists study black holes made in lab
Lab-created dumb holes -- the acoustic, or sound wave analogs of black holes -- may provide important experimental evidence for quantum gravity, a theory that unifies atomic and gravitational forces.

Science Policy and Government

Marburger: Terror war tops science list
Most roads along the government's science policy road map lead to the U.S. war on terrorism, presidential science adviser John Marburger told the American Chemical Society's 223rd national meeting Sunday. Marburger emphasized the broad role of science and science policy in the public discourse and said terrorism will be a key priority for the foreseeable future.

Standardize voting, experts tell Congress
In testimony before the House Science Committee today, a panel of scientific experts called for standardization of the nation's confusing array of voting procedures and technologies.

Poll shows voters oppose whaling
A poll released today showing that 83 percent of American voters oppose whaling by Japan and Norway has pro and anti-whaling forces engaged in a bitter public relations battle.

Science research pays off big, study says
Stanford University economists have released a study suggesting the economic return on publicly-funded basic research may be far greater than previously thought.

Energy Secretary hates bananas
BANANA. The word Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham used to describe recent U.S. energy policy at a Washington press luncheon Wednesday.

Experts shoot down Bush missile defense
"If you build it, they will build" is the overriding theme many experts in the area of missile defense communicate on the construction and implementation of the Bush Administration's new multi-layer missile defense system, which includes both ground based anti-missile systems and a stripped-down Star Wars-style laser defense.

Animal rights activists protest Wendy's -- Part 1
Animal rights activists protest Wendy's -- Part 2
In a July 3rd declaration of independence for commercially-bred livestock, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals -- PETA -- staged a well-attended, loud, and very public demonstration against the Wendy's restaurant chain Tuesday.

Navy bombing plans may ruin spring break
The nation's largest conservation groups are up in arms over the U.S. Navy's purported plans to bomb the president's home base -- Texas -- after Navy troops withdraw from Vieques, Puerto Rico.

Interactive Smithsonian exhibit to open
The Smithsonian Institution is preparing to open its first-ever-interactive exhibit, a ninety-person cinema utilizing advanced digital projectors that will allow viewers to participate in the story's action and outcome.

Quiet Giant Celebrates 100th Birthday
A quiet giant celebrates a centennial this March when the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) marks its 100th birthday.

New science may save old town -- Part 1
New science may save old town -- Part 2
New science may save old town -- Part 3
An international committee of nuclear physicists is advocating renovation of the soon-to-be-closed Homestake gold mine in the Black Hills of South Dakota into the world's deepest underground laboratory - a place where scientists can perform experiments that require complete shielding from atmospheric contaminants, noise, and radioactivity.

Business group lauds Bush climate policy
Business leaders Wednesday strongly praised President Bush's efforts to table the Kyoto Protocol -- a 1997 United Nations climate change treaty that committed industrialized nations to legally binding reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.

Privacy debate targets genetic information
Privacy concerns about individual genetic information are spawning lawsuits, a new industry, and legislation designed to assure legal protections.

Congress may fund electric cars
House science committee chairman Sherwood Boehlert introduced a legislative bonanza for alternative fuel vehicles Wednesday -- a $200 million research and development funding initiative -- speeding past slow-moving colleagues and the Bush Administration in the drive to make Americans drive smarter and more fuel efficiently.

House committee grills Energy Secretary
House Science Committee members grilled Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham today on issues ranging from offshore oil drilling to science funding cuts.

Report cites dangerous Russian brain drain
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace today released a report detailing the decline in living conditions and economic standards for employees of the Russian nuclear industry.

Conserve carbon, advocates tell senator
Carbon sequestration -- a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into carbon trapped by soil and trees -- was the topic of a Senate Commerce subcommittee hearing today chaired by Sam Brownback (R-KS).

Dairy farmers seek milk price controls
In a bipartisan move designed to support dairy farmers, Representatives Asa Hutchinson (R-AR) and Bob Etheridge (D-NC) today introduced legislation that would enable states to establish so-called "compacts" to set minimum prices for milk.

Watchdogs seek ban on drug firm promotions
Public Citizen, the consumer watch-dog organization founded by Ralph Nader, is petitioning the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to restrict or eliminate contact between medical residents and pharmaceutical representatives.

Congressman blasts eco-terror
Congressman George Nethercutt (R-Wa) today detailed his plans for a full out legal assault on so-called "eco-terrorism" at a meeting of the Frontiers of Freedom Foundation, a public policy think tank founded by retired Senator Malcolm Wallop (R-Wy).

Top biomed researcher tackles tough issues
The largest coalition of biomedical research associations in the U.S. -- the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, or FASEB -- introduced new president Dr. Robert Rich Wednesday at a gathering of journalists and scientists in Washington.

Biotechnology and Medicine

AIDS filter may remove virus from blood
A novel filtration process designed to remove the AIDS virus from human blood has shown excellent promise in a series of pre-clinical trials, according to researchers at Aethlon Medical, an early stage biotechnology firm in La Jolla, California.

Chemists trick Alzheimer's enzyme
Chemists at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla said Friday they have tricked an enzyme essential in Alzheimer's disease into blocking its own debilitating action. A team led by Nobel laureate K. Barry Sharpless developed the chemical trick, called "click chemistry," to make a molecule that blocks neurotransmitter destruction caused by the brain enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The destructive enzyme catalyzes the so-called "click reaction" that creates its own worst enemy -- its most potent inhibitor.

Screen developed for common muscle disease
Researchers at Wayne State University in Detroit have developed a genetic screen for a common form of muscular dystrophy that appears to have successfully identified the defective gene responsible for the disease in live embryos.

To stop AIDS, find hub, scientists say
Getting the best AIDS treatments money can buy to nations without money to buy them may be the only way to eradicate the global plague, according to new findings by Notre Dame University researchers.

Sex findings may alter STD treatment strategies
A study of the patterns of human sexual contact has produced some surprise findings that may force public health officials to rethink strategies to eradicate sexually transmitted diseases, such as AIDS and herpes.

Physicists propose mad cow cure
A team of biophysicists at the University of California, Davis has proposed a controversial treatment for diseases such as Mad Cow and Kreutzfeldt-Jakob.

Grad student pieces together gene map
Without the Herculean effort of a graduate student, the human genome map may still not be assembled.

New tests speed anthrax identification
Two rapid tests for anthrax are promising to speed identification of the deadly bacteria -- now considered a favored weapon of bio-terrorists.

Model measures risk of genetic modifiers
Recent attacks by so-called "eco-terrorists" on genetic research laboratories in Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon have called stark attention to a question that scientists at Purdue University may now have a way to answer: are genetically modified organisms harmful to the environment?

New cancer drug may shrink large tumors
Studies of IMC-C225, a new drug for the treatment of advanced-stage colorectal cancer, show it can shrink tumors in some patients who have developed resistance to other chemotherapy agents.

Mystery of anesthetic mechanism may be solved
Although more than 150 years have past since the discovery of general anesthetics, how they precisely work remains a mystery. Biophysicists at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York may be close to solving this riddle.

Landmark study: Snorers at risk for stroke - Part 1
Landmark study: Snorers at risk for stroke - Part 2
Snoring and apnea (difficulty breathing) are highly treatable sleep-related breathing disorders strongly associated with increased risk of stroke, according to a landmark study by a Yale University physician published in the June issue of the journal Stroke.

Digital test tubes model cell structure
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have mapped key cellular structures with supercomputer simulations in yet another triumph for the use of so-called "digital test tubes" -- computers that do the work of chemical and biological laboratory experiments.

Social Science, and Psychology

Children poor witnesses, study concludes
Eyewitness testimony from children may be useless in court, a new Yale University study has shown.

Net entrepreneur founds top psych prize
An internet entrepreneur and his year-old foundation have established a top award in the area of cognitive science, a specialized branch of psychology that deals with formal, computational approaches to human thought.

Two Stanfords settle name dispute
Stanford University and Stanford Microdevices -- a scrappy Silicon Valley tech company and an august educational institution -- have resolved a two-year-old name dispute after the kind of identity battle that became commonplace with the advent of domain names and the Internet.

Newly discovered jury error may plague courts
Jurors are vulnerable to a newly-discovered type of human error that may regularly affect thousands of verdicts according to new research published by a Cornell University research team from Ithaca, N.Y.

Olympic world records may be wrong
Dozens of world records and Olympic bests in
the 200-meter sprint may have to be reconsidered, according to a Canadian physicist.

Nightmares plague Republicans, study claims
Republicans have scarier and more frequent nightmares than Democrats concludes a prominent dream researcher.

Sexual harassment study yields new findings
Social science researchers have found a surprising new fact about sexual harassment: actual victims react quite differently than those who only imagine or fabricate a slight.

Interviews

Interview: Hermann Grunder, Director, Argonne National Laboratory
Nuclear physicist Hermann Grunder is the Director of the Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy. America's first national laboratory, Argonne sports an annual operating budget of more than $450 million and supports in excess of 200 research projects. Argonne has two sites - its 1,700-acre main site about 25 miles southwest of Chicago, and an 800-acre site known as Argonne-West near Idaho Falls, Idaho.

Physics leader talks about the road ahead -- String theorist Ed Witten
Ed Witten is one of the 21st century's most celebrated physicists, and with good reason -- many of his peers believe he's almost always right.

Mathematics

Legendary knot finally untangled
A Polish physicist and Swiss biologist may be the first to untangle the mysteries of an ancient, legendary knot dating back to Alexander the Great -- the "Gordian Knot."

Rainfall and temblors may be a lot alike
High-resolution Doppler radar measurements have led scientists in India and England to startling new conclusions about rainfall, a process that bedevils meteorologists with its unpredictable, almost chaotic behavior.
  A simple mathematical formula -- strikingly similar to that which describes earthquakes -- provides a statistical model of rainfall, the scientists claim. Another surprise -- rain is a lot like a landslide.

Scientist finds new clues to old math mystery
A mathematician at AT&T Laboratories has released data that may prove critical in solving the greatest mystery of modern mathematics.

New math models spread of fire, disease
A Russian mathematician has developed a complex proof that may shed light on percolation processes -- not those associated with morning coffee, but mathematical models that describe the random spread of forest fires, orchard blight, infectious diseases and the way hard-to-tap oil moves through porous rock.

Digital model explains puzzling epidemics
Disease-causing viruses and bacteria must mutate rapidly to survive in close-knit human populations, according to an important new model of epidemic dynamics proposed by researchers at Cornell University and the Santa Fe Institute.

Math model may explain mutations
An Italian physicist has developed a mathematical model that seeks to explain the structure of DNA and why genetic mutations occur.

Scientists use noodle to model DNA mutation
Using well-cooked spaghetti, researchers at the University of Lausanne say they have successfully explained why knotted ropes snap more easily than straight ropes.

Students triumph at math Olympics
Student mathematicians completed their version of the Olympics Friday as winners of the 42nd International Mathematical Olympiad claimed gold, silver, and bronze medals for solving six problems guaranteed to stump even seasoned professionals.

Math model may predict NCAA's top teams
Two researchers claim they have a mathematically surefire way to predict important and confidential committee decisions before they happen. They also claim they've successfully applied this method to an important sporting event: the NCAA Tournament Committee's selection of so-called "big dance" post-season basketball teams.

Mechanical Devices and Material Science

Ultra small carbon pores may store energy
Nanometer-size pores in carbon may solve a dilemma that has plagued alternative fuel advocates for years -- how to safely store natural gas at low pressures that reduce the risk of explosion.

Transportation getting personal, experts say
In the near future, transportation will be getting more personal according to experts.

Super safe, super tech car starts US tour
Automaker Volvo is introducing a super high-tech, super-safe car in a 6-city series of unveilings scheduled to begin in Washington on May 7.

Team makes first quantum computer chip
A team of scientists from the United States and Australia has accomplished a remarkable feat - controlled placement of single phosphorous atoms on a silicon surface to fabricate the world's first quantum computer chips.

Scientists make exotic new explosive
Scientists at the Carnegie Institution of Washington reported today they have transformed nitrogen, normally a transparent gas, into an opaque solid by subjecting the gas to immense pressure.

Government lab creates super laser
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory announced they have created the world's most powerful laser beam.

Unmanned, student-built submarines compete
The world's first submarine and the Civil War South's secret weapon -- the recently-recovered, human-powered U.S.S. Hunley -- might never have cost so many lives had it been anything like the miniature, student-built submarines that took to the water Thursday at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md.

Talking car 5 years away, experts say
Talking with your car -- and having it talk back -- may not be far off according to researchers at I/NET Corporation.

Tiny silicon jaws giant leap for nano-tech
Microscopic Pac-Men -- silicon-fabricated micro-teeth that open and close like tiny jaws -- promise new ways to deliver drugs and genetic material to individual cells, researchers at Sandia National Laboratories said Tuesday.

High-tech metals to protect national treasures
The world's most technologically advanced display case will be fabricated from the world's lightest, strongest metals by the National Archives, the US government agency charged with preserving important, historical documents.

Biotech steel promises germ-free home
A 100-year-old steel manufacturer has teamed with an entrepreneurial biotech firm to build the world's first germ-resistant home.

Scientists deliver single photons on demand
Fluorescent, ultra-small diamonds can deliver single photons on demand, French scientists have discovered.

Lasers may power nano-motors
Researchers at Harvard University and the Weizmann Science Institute say laser light may be the fuel of the future for nanotech robots and motorized tools so small they can manipulate individual cells and molecules.

New steel beams resist earthquakes
Earthquakes will not topple skyscrapers made with specialized steel beams that do not require welded joints, engineers at the University of California, San Diego said Wednesday.

Energy and the Environment

Physicists solve plutonium puzzle
Physicists at Rutgers University claim they have devised the first reliable method to predict the way plutonium will behave in long-term nuclear waste storage.

NASA-UN satellite data spots environmental ruin
The Fertile Crescent, the most important wetlands of biblical and ancient times, is being devastated by modern man according to a report released today by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).

Execs explore energy innovations
The US Geological Survey today released a frightening statistic in light of the present energy crisis in California and the sharp spike in utility bills across the nation.

Study: How chemicals harm amphibians
The EPA embarked on a research study Thursday to determine how environmental and commercial chemicals disrupt the hormone-producing endocrine systems of amphibians.

Cloned plants may clean contaminated sites
A Purdue University scientist has cloned a gene that facilitates the uptake of toxic nickel from soil into the leaves of a mustard plant. Using these plants may be a simple and elegant new way to clean up hazardous waste sites contaminated with heavy metals.

Killing bacteria may revive old oil wells
Sterilizing old oil wells against the ravages of oil-eating bacteria may bring the wells back to life and make them worth tapping again, according to British researchers publishing in this week's issue of the journal Nature.

US and Japan seek energy's holy grail
A tiny software manufacturer has teamed with one of Japan's largest research institutes to implement what many experts call the Holy Grail of energy production -- a working fusion reactor.

Texans use food-style labels to buy power
Texans will soon be shopping for electricity the same way they shop for food -- by comparing prices and product information on so-called "electricity facts labels."

Poll: Hike energy conservation, production
A Gallup poll released today has pro-environment groups and energy producers claiming victory in the increasingly acrimonious public relations battle over fossil fuels, global warming, and the California energy crisis.

Global warming worsening, scientists say
Conclusive evidence that global warming is increasing at an alarming pace took center stage today at a meeting hosted by the Union of Concerned Scientists.

World's largest clean brownfield debuts
Engineers and developers in Dallas are heralding the world's largest brownfield remediation as a smashing success and a model for the rest of the US, which is dotted with some 600,000 possible brownfield sites -- previously developed urban land now derelict and often contaminated.

Conservation act lands wide support
Supporters of the proposed Conservation and Reinvestment Act, or CARA, a funding program for wildlife management, open space, parks, and historic preservation, announced majority backing today by members of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Gorbachev speaks on nations and environment
One of the leading international statesmen of the 20th century is seeking to become an international force on issues surrounding the health of nations.

Smart meters may solve power crisis
Smart utility meters and the internet may present the best hope yet for a solution to California's power crisis and the nation's looming energy woes.

Environmentalists blast Bush
In a morning news conference highly critical of the Bush Administration's burgeoning environmental record, League of Conservation Voters president Deb Callahan and Wilderness Society president William Meadows stepped up the pace of a growing rhetorical war between environmentalists and the White House.

Book Reviews

Review: Phoning ET from home
In the first chapters of "Beyond Contact," author Brian McConnell has crafted an excellent review of the now burgeoning field of astrobiology, particularly as it pertains to locating complex life forms, or the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI).

Review: Touching the Lights Far, Far Away
Blind and visually impaired people can now enjoy the spectacular scenes of interstellar drama brought to Earth by the Hubble Space Telescope, thanks to NASA and a trio of innovative authors.

Review: Looking for cosmic horizons
Jeffrey Bennett ends the seventh chapter of his popular guide to astronomy's greatest mysteries, "On the Cosmic Horizon," (Addison Wesley Longman, $25.00, 209 pp.) with "The Last Question," Isaac Asimov's famous story of a supercomputer called AC that learns how to keep a dark, dying universe alive...

Review: A window on the measurers of men
The story of science is often the story of the men of science and nowhere is this more true -- and perhaps more fascinating -- than in the history of geometry and geometers.

Animals

Study: female birds learn faster than males
Female birds learn faster than males. So says Yale Medical School pharmacologist Ayako Yamaguchi, who claims that female songbirds learn new songs 60% faster than male songbirds. "This is one of the most substantial learning differences between male and female animals found to date," Yamaguchi told UPI.

Giant bugs to swarm neighborhood mall
Giant insects will soon swarm a peaceful neighborhood mall here as part of a traveling summertime exhibit that combines everything children swoon over: larger than life computerized robots equipped with claws, pincers and wings that make adults just a little uneasy.

Humans teach whooping cranes to fly away home
As if following the script from the 1996 movie "Fly Away Home," public and private partners dedicated to saving the endangered whooping crane gathered Monday at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge to observe ten whooping crane chicks learning to fly behind an ultra-light aircraft on the first leg of the longest human-led migration in history.

Archaeology, Geology and Paleontology

Home schooled students find ultra-rare dino fossil
A group of home-schooled students digging for dinosaurs on private land in the Skullcreek Basin of northwest Colorado has unearthed a fossil so rare it may land them in the annals of paleontology.  The 22-foot long allosaurus fossil is surprisingly intact, said team member Peter DeRosa, a paleontologist with Creation Expeditions in Clearwater, Florida. The allosaurus skeleton measures more than 22 feet in length and 10 feet in height, with a complete skull nearly one yard long, DeRosa said.

Dune Model May Prevent Desert Disasters
A trio of physicists in Paris has developed a simple computer model they say describes how sand dunes are formed, and many of their mysterious, poorly understood traits.  Klaus Kroy, Gerd Sauermann, and Hans Herrmann, of the Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, believe that simple mathematics can explain a mechanism that has puzzled geologists for nearly two centuries.

Rocks yield missing link in life's origins
A graduate student and his academic preceptors have uncovered an important missing link in the origin of life on planet Earth - how enough oxygen to support complex life forms could have accumulated in a barren, almost lifeless prehistoric environment dominated by simple bacteria and rudimentary algae.

Earth's electricity may predict earthquakes
Wayward electrical signals from the Earth's crust may be a reliable tool to predict earthquakes, according to a controversial claim by Bulgarian and Greek geophysicists.

New clues suggest second mass extinction
Paleontologist Peter Ward, author of the best-selling book "Rare Earth," has made an important new discovery -- a well-known mass extinction 200 million years ago happened in the blink of a geological eye.

Team discovers new gargantuan dinosaur
A huge new dinosaur, unearthed by an American graduate student and his research team in a forgotten corner of ancient Egypt, thunders into the annals of paleontology in the June 1 issue of Science.

Archaeological tool finds lost burial sites
University of Arkansas researchers have developed a model that enables archeologists to find long-buried, undiscovered sites.

New giant dinosaur unearthed
The fossilized remains of a new, nearly complete longnecked, giant dinosaur were recently unearthed on the island of Madagascar.

Ancient trees changed globe, scientist says
Trees profoundly changed the world when they first appeared nearly 380 million years ago, reversing over 4 billion years of extreme global warmth and precipitating worldwide ice ages, according to a Yale University geologist.

Smithsonian unleashes Triceratops
Curators at the Smithsonian Institution today unveiled a new addition to their indoor version of Jurassic Park -- a manmade Triceratops skeleton constructed the way Hollywood makes movie dinosaurs -- with high-tech digital design computers and ultra-durable, lifelike fiberglass bones.

Computer Science and the Internet

Scientists find new way to spot hackers
A data mining method long overlooked by the computer security industry may be the best way to detect clever hackers, according to a team of researchers from universities in Pennsylvania and Iowa.

New program animates accident reports
French researchers have designed a first-of-its-kind computer program that animates written auto accident reports in 3-dimensional detail. Sylvain Dupuy, Arjan Egges, Vincent Legendre, and Pierre Nugues of the University of Caen, say they originally wrote the program CarSim to perform linguistic analysis and generate virtual scenes.

Napsterize the Internet, scientists say
Turning the entire Internet into a giant Napster is the focus of a radical research proposal by an Australian computer scientist that could transform the web into its most natural form -- a free communication device operated entirely by its users in a vast, so-called "peer-to-peer" network.

Unbreakable Codes May be Impractical
A computer science professor at Harvard University may have discovered the Holy Grail of cryptography, the secret code that cannot be cracked.

Baby-talking computer may soon debut
A small Israeli startup company claims to have succeeded in training a computer to converse on the level of an 18-month old baby.

Web movies shine despite tech hurdles
Actors, directors, and cinematographers attending a black-tie Hollywood gala may sound like
news about the silver screen. Nominees at this year's 2nd annual Pixie Awards, however, want to make news about the "sliver screen" -- the mini-cine on desktop computer monitors that, despite technical difficulties, has the maximum ambition of becoming a one-stop shop for
all things entertaining.

Research team plans Internet map
Mapping the entire Internet is the ambitious and controversial project of computer science researchers from Notre Dame, who believe such a map will become essential as the Internet increasingly outgrows the networks that route its traffic today.

Chinese hack "genius grants" foundation
The website of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, a philanthropic organization best-known for its yearly "genius grants," has been hacked by the Chinese.

Web may ease patent process
Novel web-based solutions may enhance the ability of over-worked patent examiners to search and examine so-called "prior art," written or documented information that can be used to invalidate a patent application.

Scientists craft forgery-proof signature
Scientists at MIT and Berkeley claim they have devised super secure digital signatures that rely on quantum mechanics to ensure against forgery and guarantee validation.

Spinning atoms may be super computers
Scientists have built a high-powered microscope that can measure the quantum spin of a single atom, a first-time technological feat with potential application to quantum computers.

Researchers build light-based supercomputer
Researchers at the University of Rochester claim they have constructed a quantum computer that uses light instead of atoms to achieve mind-boggling computational power.

Britain unveils super supercomputer
Britain's largest academic supercomputer -- nicknamed "The Cosmology Machine" -- is coming online to help solve some of the great mysteries of the cosmos.

Chemistry

Chemists make molecule that can't exist
Chemists at Northwestern University in Chicago have synthesized a stable molecule that should not exist according to rules of chemistry so stringent they appear on page 706 of the popular organic chemistry college textbook by Whitman College chemistry professor L.G. Wade, Jr.

Chemist develops artificial tongue
A University of Connecticut chemist on Wednesday unveiled a rudimentary electronic tongue during presentations at the 223rd American Chemical Society conference. A platinum electrode coated with two polymers that conduct electrical currents, the tongue can "taste" an amazing variety of chemical compounds in solution, and may have applications in food testing, environmental monitoring, drug detection, identification of bloodborne pathogens and landmine detection.

Grad student makes better plastic
A graduate chemistry student has synthesized an ultra-durable plastic compound that breaks ground for an entirely new line of plastics -- so-called high-molecular weight polymers that resist
heat, force, and abrasion better than any plastic presently on the market.

Plastic pill could deliver multiple doses
Tiny plastic balls may provide precisely controlled, highly targeted drug delivery, which could help patients switch from taking multiple daily doses of medication to one controlled-release pill or capsule, a University of Illinois chemical engineer told the 223rd American Chemical Society conference Tuesday.

T-shirt dye may improve telecom
A dye commonly used in psychedelic T-shirts might be the chemical key to futuristic telecommunications -- laser-charged, fiber-optic cables that deliver voice and computer signals faster and cheaper than today's comparatively sluggish phone lines, scientists said Monday. "We make a thin, one micrometer polymer film with Procion Red, a dye used in tie-dye T-shirts," Virginia Tech physics professor James Heflin told United Press International at the 223rd American Chemical Society conference.